Abstract
In this work we present two new methods to obtain TiO2 transparent coverage and to impart superhydro- phobicity to stones and ceramics surface of monuments. The first method, adapted for small artifacts eas- ily transportable in restoration laboratory, consists of a simple evaporation of Ti directly on ceramic sur- face in a controlled oxygen atmosphere. The second method consents the coverage of large surface di- rectly in situ. The TiO2 is evaporated on a salt surface with desired dimensions and then deposited on ceramic surfaces. In both cases the dioxide layers are transparent, don’t damage the ceramic surfaces and are easily removable. In fact, the dioxide layer can be removed simply by 30 minutes of laser ablation process.
Highlights
In recent decades several scientific efforts have been made to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces by using numerous techniques and methods, for example, plasma treatment (Manoudis, 2009; Chen, 1999; Coulson, 2000; Tserepi, 2006), photolithography (Oner, 2000; Gao, 2006) and sol-gel (Shirtcliffe, 2003; Mahltig, 2003; Hikita, 2005)
All the experiments were conducted on several ceramic fragments obtained from a “Carosello” (Gattuso, 2012), a structural hollow element made of clay, placed in arches, in domes or even and in the walls of buildings such as churches and houses, with the function lighten the structures
We present two methods to cover ceramic artifact surfaces by a TiO2 transparent layer which gives surface to the properties of hydrophobicity which ensure a protection by water corrosion in marine water or in moist
Summary
In recent decades several scientific efforts have been made to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces by using numerous techniques and methods, for example, plasma treatment (Manoudis, 2009; Chen, 1999; Coulson, 2000; Tserepi, 2006), photolithography (Oner, 2000; Gao, 2006) and sol-gel (Shirtcliffe, 2003; Mahltig, 2003; Hikita, 2005). The most important degradation factor of outdoor, immovable cultural heritage is the rainwater which can causes stone deterioration through cycles of freezing and thawing inside the pores of the stones or by intraporous crystallization of the salts transferred by the water (Manoudis, 2009; Manoudis, 2008) For this reason, the application of hydrophobic coatings has been suggested for the surface protection of outdoor cultural heritage assets (Manoudis, 2009; Manoudis, 2008). In marine archeological sites the coverage of ceramic and stone must have an antibacterial action to inhibit the deterioration caused by the attack of marine microorganisms In this optics, a surface coverage by TiO2 substrate, with its phocatalytic oxidation properties (Liu, 2005; Naeem, 2010), can solve both the problems: idrophobicity and antibacterial activity. The obtained coverages are transparent (so it don’t modify the artistic properties of monument) and hydrophobic, don’t damage the ceramic surface and are removable by a simple cleaning process of laser ablation (Stranges, 2013)
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