Abstract
The harmful effects of fine dust on health in industrial facilities are a significant problem. The development of new deposition methods for dust particles with a diameter less than 10 microns is particularly difficult. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare new deposition methods for such aerosols by means of external fields: an acoustic wind, an electrostatic field, and specially atomized powder. It has been shown that the method of spraying a powder affects its adsorption ability. An experimental study of the dispersity and specific surface of nanopowder particles atomized by different methods was carried out. As a result of atomization, the specific surface area of the particles decreases, and this decrease is smaller in the case of atomization by the shock-wave method. The proposed mathematical model of aerosol coagulation is based on the integral version of the Smoluchowski equation with the type of kernel depending on the types of external influence. In the model, the effect of acoustic wind is considered, as the acoustic wind plays an important role in the deposition of finely divided particles. A calculation of the drift velocity of particles in an electric field and gravitational field is performed. The results of the pilot and theoretical study of the acoustic and electrostatic deposition of fine aerosols are presented in this article. Depending on the deposition method and particle size, calculations confirmed experimentally enable the reference time of the deposition of a dust cloud to be established. Recommendations are provided about the use of ultrasound sources, electrostatic precipitators, water aerosol sprays, and electrostatic spray guns for the optimum removal of dust from air in the workplace, taking into account dust particle sizes. The results of this study can be applied to air purification systems to filter harmful dust emissions.
Highlights
Aerosol pollution in production areas is deposited by means of various types of equipment, and most often by filters and ventilation systems
Velocity of gravitational deposition Vs is calculated by Formula (2), drift speed in an electric field Ve by Formula (3), speed of particles moving under action of the acoustic flow VW by Formula (4)
If the velocity component caused by gravitation Vs is bigger than the component caused by radiation force Vw, the leading mechanism is the Stokes deposition, and the coagulation processes are important for the deposition velocity of particles
Summary
Aerosol pollution in production areas is deposited by means of various types of equipment, and most often by filters and ventilation systems. More complex methods are used to remove them: electrostatic precipitators (Rose and Wood, 1966; Oglesby and Nichols, 1978; Parker, 2012), acoustic and ultrasonic processing (Antonnikova et al, 2013; Kudryashova et al, 2015), and dispersion of electrostatically charged particles (Kudryashova et al, 2015b; Kudryashova and Stepkina, 2016). The aim of this study is to obtain the optimal deposition methods of fine aerosols. Acoustic fields are known to increase the rate of aerosol deposition. A number of studies are devoted to the effect of the acoustic coagulation of aerosols (Mednikov, 1965; Czyż, 1990; Magill et al, 1991; Khmelev et al, 2010; Amiri et al, 2016; Khmelev et al, 2016). The impact of the frequency and amplitude of sound on the aerosol particle coagulation process is studied in detail
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