Abstract
Recently, Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have attracted researchers’ attention due to the challenges and the peculiar characteristics of the underwater environment. The initial random deployment of UWSN where sensors are scattered over the area via planes or ships is inefficient, and it doesn’t achieve full coverage nor maintain network connectivity. Moreover, energy efficiency in underwater networks is a crucial issue since nodes utilize battery power as a source of energy and it is difficult and sometimes impossible to change or replenish these batteries. Our contribution in this research is to improve the performance of UWSNs by designing UW-DVFA, an underwater 3-D self-distributed deployment algorithm based on virtual forces. The main target for this work is to stretch the randomly deployed network in the 3-D area in a way that guarantees full area coverage and network connectivity.
Highlights
Nowadays, the growing interests toward exploring and monitoring oceans due to the broad application prospects, such as natural disaster detection and prevention, oil and mineral discovery and extraction, and military surveillance, have drawn the attention toward Underwater Wireless Sensors Networks (UWSNs) [1]
Unlike terrestrial sensor networks that rely on radio signal communication channels with high bandwidth and low propagation delay, Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) employ acoustic signals for underwater hop by hop node communication
The reason behind the designing of this stand is the peculiar characteristic of the underwater environment which attenuates the radio signal and makes it inefficient to be directly applied in UWSN
Summary
The growing interests toward exploring and monitoring oceans due to the broad application prospects, such as natural disaster detection and prevention, oil and mineral discovery and extraction, and military surveillance, have drawn the attention toward Underwater Wireless Sensors Networks (UWSNs) [1]. Unlike terrestrial sensor networks that rely on radio signal communication channels with high bandwidth and low propagation delay, UWSNs employ acoustic signals for underwater hop by hop node communication. Recharging underwater sensors can be time-consuming and expensive due to the need of imposing special underwater vehicles into the network for such purpose Different deployment algorithms such as clustering, connected tree, Practical swarm, Voronoi, and Virtual force are proven to success in the deployment of 2-D terrestrial sensor networks.
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