Abstract
The article presents a comprehensive assessment of the geoecological risk of the Belaya River floodplain (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). The risk assessment of the floodplain-channel complex includes the risk of depletion by the plant species composition and the risk of depletion of the ecological and hydrological states. Geographic information maps of the floodplain were compiled for vegetation and floodplain forests and wetlands. The extent of forest cover was chosen as an indicator of the floodplain’s resilience to the risk of depletion and decline. The calculation of the risk of depletion of floodplains based on the ecological and hydrological state was carried out taking into account the changes in floodplain areas over the past 10 years, data on the catchment of ground and surface waters, “sealed” areas and the annual average discharge. The assessment and zoning of the river floodplain territory was carried out according to the proposed method.
Highlights
The normal functioning of the floodplain channel complex is an important factor in the general geoecological state of the river basin
The relevance of the study of river floodplains is due to the need to optimize the use of natural resources, to reduce the effect of anthropogenic pressure on the environment
When comparing estimates of the depletion of floodplain areas according to the applied methods, the floodplain area of the Ashkadar River was classified as at risk of degradation
Summary
The normal functioning of the floodplain channel complex is an important factor in the general geoecological state of the river basin. The floodplain-riverbed complexes possess all the features of natural complexes - they are territorially and genetically uniform, the processes occurring in them are interconnected, and geographical objects or complexes of a lower rank (subsystems) arise as a result of these processes affecting each other. Floodplains have been a place of settlement formation and farming. These functions remain to be the main ones for many modern landscapes. The relevance of the study of river floodplains is due to the need to optimize the use of natural resources, to reduce the effect of anthropogenic pressure on the environment. High environmental tension is often caused by a lack of knowledge and, an underestimation of the geographic patterns of distribution and manifestations of natural processes [1]
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