Abstract
The consideration of the thermal behavior of electric machines is becoming increasingly important in the machine design for electric vehicles due to the adaptation to more dynamic operating points compared to stationary applications. Whereas, the dependency of machine efficiency on thermal behavior is caused due to the impact of temperature on the resulting loss types. This leads to a shift of efficiency areas in the efficiency diagram of electric machines and has a significant impact on the maximum load capability and an impact on the cycle efficiency during operation, resulting in a reduction in the overall range of the electric vehicle. Therefore, this article aims at analyzing the thermal load limits of induction machines in regard to actual operation using measured driving data of battery electric vehicles. For this, a thermal model is implemented using MATLAB® and investigations to the sensitivity of model parameters as well as analysis of the continuous load capacity, thermal load and efficiency in driving cycles under changing boundary conditions are conducted.
Highlights
Today, electric mobility in the form of battery electric vehicles poses the highest potential for the demand of individual and freight transport in light commercial vehicles for the future [1]
The traction machine poses an important component in the efficiency chain of the overall powertrain of an electric vehicle, e.g., if the overall vehicle efficiency is optimized by 1%, around 2% more range is possible [2]
The exact knowledge and monitoring of the thermal behavior early in the product development process are of great importance [4], since the thermal load or overload is the main driver for defects and aging of electric machines [5]
Summary
Electric mobility in the form of battery electric vehicles poses the highest potential for the demand of individual and freight transport in light commercial vehicles for the future [1]. The greatest challenges here are currently the high costs and high weight of the traction battery [1] It is, of great importance that the powertrain operates as efficiently as possible so that increased driving ranges can be achieved at moderate costs and low weight. The traction machine poses an important component in the efficiency chain of the overall powertrain of an electric vehicle, e.g., if the overall vehicle efficiency is optimized by 1%, around 2% more range is possible [2]. The goal must, be to operate the electric machine in the range of optimal efficiency This is influenced by rotational speed and load, and by the machine temperature [6].
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