Dependency in the Treatment of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Dissociative Disorders

Abstract

Dependency is a major and ubiquitous issue in the treatment of chronically traumatized patients, such as those with complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma-related borderline personality disorder, and dissociative disorders. Within this context, the concept of dependency is often paired with pejorative adjectives, and is dichotomized and negatively compared to a preferred state of independence. This paper explores prevailing sociocultural and theoretical beliefs regarding dependency in the psychotherapy of trauma survivors, provides a working definition of dependency, offers an analysis of its complex nature, and describes the theory of structural dissociation, which helps illuminate the often contradictory manifestations of dependency in chronically traumatized patients. A distinction is made between secure and insecure dependency. Finally, this paper outlines the collaborative therapeutic process required to manage insecure dependency productively within a phase-oriented treatment model. Countertransference responses that interfere with a patient's conflicts regarding dependency are also discussed.