Dependence of ultrasonic velocity on structure in a homologous series of nonelectrolytes in aqueous medium

Abstract

Ultrasonic velocities (u) have been measured for various concentrations (x), and (du/dx)x=0 evaluated, in dilute aqueous solutions of nonelectrolytes which form solid clathrate structures of type II, or are members of a homologous series of alcohols, ketones or cyclic ethers. Changes in (du/dx)x=0 in these classes of compounds were found to be correlated with changes in structure. Elongation of the hydrocarbon chain by addition of a CH2 group is accompanied by an increase in (du/dx)x=0. Replacement of C−C by C=C, C−H by C−OH, CH2) by −O−, and CH−OH by C=O, lead to decreases in (du/dx)x=0. It is postulated that maximal values of (du/dx)x=0 should be observed for hydrocarbons with only single C−C bonds.