DEPENDENCE OF THE MEDIUM SQUARE AMPLITUDE OF ZERO VIBRATION OF ATOMS IN THE ELEMENTS OF THE PERIODIC SYSTEM OF MENDELEEV ON THE ORDER NUMBER

Abstract

According to the theory of thermal vibrations of atoms in crystals and the theory of scattering of X-rays and thermal neutrons by real crystals, the root-mean-square amplitude of the zero vibration of an atom in a lattice at T = 0 K is determined by the mass of the atom and the strength of the interatomic relationship. It is inversely proportional to the product of the mass and temperature of the Debye crystal. It was found that the amplitudes of thermal (at T = 300 K) and zero (at T = 0 K) atomic vibrations in elements, like other physical properties, at moderate temperatures have the same periodic dependence on the number of elements. This is due to the weak dependence of the configuration of the external electronic shells of atoms on the temperature. The results can be used in materials science and technology to assess the strength and thermo physical characteristics of materials at cryogenic temperatures through the Debye temperature, without measuring them directly at an absolute zero temperature.