Abstract
Experimental and theoretical results have shown that the influence of pore fluid properties on rock elastic and anelastic properties is mainly explained by two major physical mechanisms. (1) A seismic wave may induce viscous local fluid flow within the pore space, leading to frequency dependent attenuation and velocity dispersion. (2) Polar fluids cause a modulus reduction which may be effective already at small degrees of saturation. Full saturation of the rock pore space prevents local fluid flow but causes a frequency independent stiffening of the rock bulk modulus. This additional effect at higher saturations only influences the velocity of the P-wave. Both mechanisms as well as the additional stiffening effect have to be considered in relating seismic wave properties to the saturant and the degree of saturation. The pore fluid effects on the seismic properties of rocks are discussed in this paper by means of experimental results for ultrasonic waves in Obernkirchener Sandstone saturated with different fluids. Related calculations of the fluid influences on velocity and attenuation demonstrate the effectiveness of the fluid mechanisms in this rock.
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