Abstract
The tricyclic quinazoline alkaloid deoxyvasicinone (DOV, 1) was isolated from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. CNQ-617, and its anti-melanogenic effects were investigated. Deoxyvasicinone was shown to decrease the melanin content of B16F10 and MNT-1 cells that have been stimulated by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). In addition, microscopic images of the cells showed that deoxyvasicinone attenuated melanocyte activation. Although, deoxyvasicinone did not directly inhibit tyrosinase (TYR) enzymatic activity, real-time PCR showed that it inhibited the mRNA expression of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). In the artificial 3D pigmented skin model MelanodermTM, deoxyvasicinone brightened the skin significantly, as confirmed by histological examination. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the marine microbial natural product deoxyvascinone has an anti-melanogenic effect through downregulation of melanogenic enzymes.
Highlights
Melanin is a group of pigments that occur throughout the body of various animals.Melanin determines the skin tone of humans [1] and plays an important role in absorbingUV radiation and protecting the skin from oxidative damage [2]
Melanin production refers to synthesis of melanin from the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes in the epidermis [3,4]
Melanin production is accomplished by many activators, especially tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinaserelated protein-2 (TRP-2) [6]
Summary
Melanin determines the skin tone of humans [1] and plays an important role in absorbing. UV radiation and protecting the skin from oxidative damage [2]. Melanin production is accomplished by many activators, especially tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinaserelated protein-2 (TRP-2) [6]. TYR catalyzes the initial process of melanin production, providing a common substrate for the synthesis of eumelanin and pheomelanin; TYR catalyzes the oxidation of L-tyrosine to L-dopaquinone (L-DQ) or Ldihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and the oxidation of L-DOPA to L-DQ and the transformation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) to indole-5,6-quinone [7]. Melanogenesis is regulated by enzymatic activity and the expression levels of TYR, TRP-1, and TRP-2. The inhibition of enzymatic activity of TYR restricts melanocytes from initiating melanogenesis, and suppression of
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