Deoxynivalenol photocatalytic detoxification products alleviate intestinal barrier damage and gut flora disorder in BLAB/c mice

Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin, is one of the most globally prevalent mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium species. DON exposure can cause spectrum of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, gastroenteritis, growth retardation, immunosuppression, and intestinal flora disorders in humans and animals. Therefore, the implication of DON degradation technology is of great significance for food safety. Recently, photocatalytic degradation technology has been applied for DON control. However, the toxicity of the intermediates identified in the degradation process was often ignored. In this work, based on previous successful degradation of DON and evaluation of the in vitro toxicity of DON photocatalytic detoxification products (DPDPs), we further studied the in vivo toxicity of DPDPs and mainly explored their effects on intestinal barrier function and intestinal flora in mice. The results demonstrated that the DPDPs treated with photocatalyst for 120 min effectively increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and improved the disorder of gut flora. Meanwhile, compared with DON-exposed mice, the DPDPs reduced the level of inflammation and oxidative stress of intestinal tissue, and improved growth performance, enterohepatic circulation, energy metabolism, and autonomic activity. All the results indicated that the toxicity of the DPDPs irradiated for 120 min was much lower than that of DON or even nontoxic. Therefore, we hope that this photocatalytic degradation technology can be used as a promising tool for the detoxification of mycotoxins.