Abstract
A novel method for removing the oxygen (O) in titanium (Ti) is proposed and developed, wherein holmium (Ho) and holmium chloride (HoCl3) are used as a deoxidant and flux, respectively. The reduction of O concentration in Ti to a level of below 200 mass ppm O (even reaching 110 mass ppm O) through the formation reaction of holmium oxychloride (HoOCl), i.e., O (in Ti) + 2/3 Ho + 1/3 HoCl3 → HoOCl, was confirmed. This result reveals that deoxidation of Ti using Ho in HoCl3 flux is effective, and low-O Ti can be obtained under Ho/HoOCl/HoCl3 equilibrium. This new deoxidation technique using Ho as a deoxidant can be applied to the refining of Ti scraps and the production of low-O content Ti powder in the future. The standard Gibbs energy of formation of HoOCl (ΔG°f,HoOCl) at 1300 K was experimentally determined to be – 744 ± 10 kJ mol−1. In addition, the value of ΔG°f,Ho2O3 was determined to be – 1503 ± 10 kJ mol−1, which is in good agreement with the reported data (– 1510 kJ mol−1). A potential diagram of the Ho–Cl–O system at 1300 K was newly drawn using the thermodynamic data determined through this study.
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