Dents natales : à propos de cinq cas

Abstract

Introduction The normal eruption of primary teeth begins with mandibular incisors about the age of 6 months. There are several qualifiers used to describe prematurely erupted teeth. Massler and Savara defined “natal teeth” as teeth present at birth and “neonatal teeth” as teeth erupted within the first month of life. The aim of this study, based on 5 cases, is to present clinical and structural characteristics, etiology, management techniques, complications and a review of the literature for natal teeth. Material and methods Our study is a retrospective study of 17000 infants who were examined in the Neonatal Department of Children Hospital between 1984 and 2001. The material consisted of 5 infants with natal teeth, identified by the pediatrician. We analyzed the family history, the pregnancy history, the gender, the etiology, the complete examination of the infant, the clinical, the structural characteristics, the complications and the management of the teeth. Results We found 4 boys and 1 girl, 2 of the newborns were premature, all of them observed to have natal teeth. The incidence was 1: 3 400 births. There were 14 natal teeth, 10 incisors (70%) and 4 canines (30%), no molar was found. Nine of the teeth (6 incisors and 3 canines) were maxillary (65%) and 5 (4 incisors and 1 canine) were mandibular (35%). No morphological syndrome was discovered. Most of the teeth were mobile in all directions and were extracted because of the possibility of aspiration, the difficulty in feeding and the ulceration of the ventral surface of the tongue. Discussion According to the literature, this phenomenon is rare and the incisors are the teeth most commonly involved. Natal teeth are more common than neonatal teeth and nearly 90% of these teeth are the normal primary teeth. The presence of natal teeth is due to several factors related to an unknown cause of disturbed biological chronology. There is no conclusive evidence of a correlation between early eruption and systemic disorders, but some investigators suggest that natal teeth may be associated with certain syndromes. We must keep in mind that radiographic examination is essential for the differential diagnosis between supernumerary and normal primary teeth. The supernumerary teeth should always be extracted but the decision to extract a normal mature natal tooth should be done according to scientific knowledge, mobility of the tooth, local or general complications and parental opinion.