Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate skeleto-dental abnormalities in 9-11-year-old school children, in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional descriptive study, a random cluster sampling was done among 19 school districts. A total of 1,429 socioeconomically and ethnically diverse Iranian schoolchildren, aged 9-11 years were studied. A brief questionnaire including background information such as gender and age was completed by the parents. Clinical examinations included the evaluation of sagittal and vertical skeletal relationship, Facial form (facial index), and the presence of significant asymmetry. Results: There were 758 males and 671 females with the mean age of 10 years±8 months. According to the sagittal skeletal relationship, the most prevalent type was convex (63%) that presenting the skeletal Cl II jaw relation; followed by straight (32.9%); and then concave (4.1%). In the vertical skeletal relationship, 73.9% of the children had an average facial relationship, 18.4 % had a long face pattern; and 7.8% had a short face pattern. Regarding facial form in the frontal view, the most common was the average form (79.3%); followed by narrow (14%); and broad (6.7%). The prevalence of significant facial asymmetry was 15.2%. Conclusion: The prevalence of dento-skeletal abnormalities were high. The majority of the Iranian schoolchildren, aged 9-11 years, had at least one dento-skeletal abnormality, even though it is commonly preventable.
Highlights
A dento-skeletal abnormality is a common developmental abnormality that occurs due to the distortion of maxillary and/or mandibular development, which may greatly impact the positioning, alignment, and the health of the teeth[1]
This study evaluated the significant asymmetry in vertical and horizontal direction but to summarize the vast amount of data we reported the asymmetry in general
This study reports the prevalence of skeletal relationship in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes among 9-11-year-old school children
Summary
A dento-skeletal abnormality is a common developmental abnormality that occurs due to the distortion of maxillary and/or mandibular development, which may greatly impact the positioning, alignment, and the health of the teeth[1] These abnormalities have multifactorial etiologies including: genetic defects; nutritional deficiencies; behavioral habits leading to increased tension on the jaw; ethnicity; socioeconomic status; demographics and other environmental factors[2,3]. Dental trauma, and dental caries are significantly more prevalent in skeletal deformity cases compared to normal cases[9,10,11,12] They may negatively impact on the health of young patients by leading to airway obstructions that contribute to sleep apnea, disturbing gastric pH, and affecting immune function
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