Dentition of the Batak people of Palawan Island, the Philippines: Southeast Asian Negrito origins

Abstract

Introduction The Batak are an indigenous people of Palawan Island, the Philippines (Krieger 1942, Eder 1987; see Fig. 1.2, p. 6), who speak an Austronesian language related to that of other peoples in the Palawan region and classified with the Visayan group of Philippine languages. The Batak closely resemble other so-called ‘Philippine Negritos’, both in their mobile hunting and gathering lifestyle and in their physical attributes (short stature, dark skin colour and curly hair), which earned these distinctive-looking people their name. Approximately two dozen ethnolinguistically distinct groups of such peoples are found in the Philippines, including the Mamanwa of Mindanao and a series of groups known variously as Agta, Ayta, Aeta, Ata or Ati, which are scattered widely in northern, eastern and west central Luzon, the Bikol Peninsula and the islands of Panay and Negros. The total number of these peoples is difficult to estimate with any accuracy but is probably in the order of 15 000–20 000 persons (Eder 1987). Philippine Negritos, in turn, resemble other small, dark, hunting and gathering folk of Southeast Asia, in particular the Andaman Islanders and the Semang of the Malay Peninsula. Collectively, Southeast Asian Negritos have long been presumed to represent the surviving remnants of what was once a more widespread and more racially and culturally homogeneous population (e.g. Cooper 1940, Fox 1952). Such claims remain speculative.