Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a dentifrice containing an alcoholic extract of rosemary on oral bacteria, compared to a commercially available herbal dentifrice. Standard strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 9811) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) were used, as well as different toothpastes based on rosemary (TR), on propolis (TH), triclosan (positive control) (TPC) and non-fluoridated dentifrice (negative control) (TNC). Bacteria were seeded in Petri dishes and paper discs soaked with dilutions of dentifrice placed on the plates. The inhibition halos were analyzed. It was observed that TR did not show statistical difference in relation to the TH to inhibit S. mutans and S. oralis, while TH was more active against L. rhamnosus. The toothpaste containing rosemary extract had the ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans, S. oralis and L. rhamnosus, revealing an antimicrobial activity similar to commercially available toothpastes for inhibition of S. mutans and S. oralis.
Highlights
Plants have been always a valuable source of natural products for the maintenance of human health
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rosemary extract to be incorporated into the toothpaste was determined using the Macrodilution Method described by Sahm & Washington II [16] on oral bacteria like S. mutans, L. rhamnosus and S. oralis
Dentifrice is a general term employed to describe preparations used with a toothbrush for the purposes of cleaning and polishing the teeth and it can be prepared as powder, gel or toothpaste, depending on the water content [20]
Summary
Plants have been always a valuable source of natural products for the maintenance of human health. Aromatic and medicinal plants can be used to cure human and other animal diseases, so natural compounds derived from plants should be investigated in order to obtain a better understanding of their properties as well as the safety and efficiency of their clinical use [2] Medicinal plants such as Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) [3], Camelia sinensis (green tea), Hipericum perforatum (St. John’s wort), Urtica dioica (nettle) [4], Cynara cornigera (wild artichoke) [5], Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), Solanum xanthocarpum (yellow-fruit nightshade) and Adhatoda vasica (Malabar nut) [6] have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In view of such scientific evidence, the exploration of nature should continue, since it may be a source of new active agents for alternative treatment of diseases
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