Abstract
Congenital heart diseases consist of structural defects of the heart and represent serious malformations, which manifest in newborns, contributing significantly to perinatal mortality. The dental management of patients with this condition may require caution by professionals, owing to the possibility of bleeding and the risk of causing an infectious endocarditis due to the variety of microorganisms residing in the oral cavity. The present case report aimed to detail dental care under general anesthesia in a hospital for a child with congenital heart disease. Female patient, 4 years old, was diagnosed with atrial and interventricular communication and hemodynamic repercussion 21 days after birth. The patient received dental treatment according to the proposed plan, which included dental restorations, conservative pulp therapy and extraction of lower anterior teeth. Posteriorly, a removable partial prosthesis was made for the patient for the purpose of functional aesthetic rehabilitation. The use of general anesthesia may reduce the risk of infective endocarditis and allows the performance of several dental procedures with a single antibiotic prophylaxis, since the cardiac pediatric patient needs a correct planning of the procedures to be performed.
Highlights
Congenital malformations are associated with high mortality, estimated at about 3% of newborns, due to childhood illnesses and disabilities (Behrman & Kliggman., 2004; Sun et al, 2015)
The Interatrial communication (IAC) is an opening in the wall or septum that separates the right from the left atrium, which accounts for 10-15% of all congenital heart diseases (Almeida et al, 1998)
The condition is usually associated with complex congenital heart disease and persistence of the left superior vena cava (LSVC) (Adatia & Gittenberger-de Groot., 1995)
Summary
Congenital malformations are associated with high mortality, estimated at about 3% of newborns, due to childhood illnesses and disabilities (Behrman & Kliggman., 2004; Sun et al, 2015). The Interatrial communication (IAC) is an opening in the wall or septum that separates the right from the left atrium, which accounts for 10-15% of all congenital heart diseases (Almeida et al, 1998). The interventricular communication (IVC) is characterized by the presence of an orifice between the left and right ventricles (Almeida et al, 1998). The condition is usually associated with complex congenital heart disease and persistence of the left superior vena cava (LSVC) (Adatia & Gittenberger-de Groot., 1995). When the pediatrician suspects that the patient has signs and symptoms of cardiac problems, the professional refers the case to a pediatric cardiologist, who confirms the diagnosis through physical, clinical and complementary examinations, such as electrocardiogram, chest radiograph and echocardiogram (Adatia & Gittenberger-de Groot., 1995)
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