Abstract
Objectives: Few studies investigated the isolation of stem cells from pathologically injured dental tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of isolation of stem cells from pulp polyps (chronic hyperplastic pulpitis), a pathological tissue produced in an inflammatory proliferative response within a tooth. Study design: Pulp polyp tissues were enzymatically digested and the harvested single cells were cultured. Cultured cells underwent differentiation to adipocytes and osteoblasts as well as flowcytometric analysis for markers such as: CD90, CD73, CD105, CD45, and CD14. In addition we tried to compare other characteristics (including colonigenic efficacy, population doubling time and the cell surface antigen panels) of these cells to that of healthy dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Results: Cells isolated from pulp polyps displayed spindle shape morphology and differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts successfully. These cells expressed CD90, CD73, and CD105 while were negative for CD45, CD14. Number of colonies among 104 tissue cells was higher in the normal pulp tissue derived cells than the pulp polyps (P=0.016); but as polyp tissues are larger and contain more cells (P=0.004), the total number of the stem cell in a sample tissue was higher in polyps but not significantly (P=0.073). Conclusions: The cells isolated from pulp polyps fulfill minimal criteria needed for MSC definition; hence, it can be concluded that pulp polyps contain stem cells. Although pulp polyps are rare tissues in daily practice but when they are present, may serve as a possible new non-invasively acquired tissue resource of stem cells for affected patients. List of abbreviations: APC = allophycocyanin, BM = Bone Marrow, CFU-F = Colony Forming Unit Fibroblast, DPSC = Dental Pulp Stem Cell, FITC = fluorescein isothiocyanate, MNC = mononuclear cells, MSC = Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell, PE = Phycoerythrin, PerCP = Peridinin chlorophyll protein, PPSC = Pulp Polyp Stem Cell. Key words:Adult stem cell, chronic hyperplastic pulpitis, dental pulp stem cell, pulp polyp.
Highlights
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)”, previously known as “mesenchymal stem cells” [1], are clonogenic, plastic adherent cells with multiple differentiation capacity into mesenchyme and even nonmesenchyme lineage cells such as adipocyte, osteoblast, chondrocyte, hepatocyte and neural cell [2]
In the present study, we assessed the possibility of isolation of stem cells from pulp polyps and compared the characteristics of isolated cells with that of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)
The cells isolated from the pulp polyp could successfully form CFU-F units with appropriate cell surface marker panel and differentiation potential, all fulfilling the criteria from international society of cell therapy for MSC definition [1]
Summary
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)”, previously known as “mesenchymal stem cells” [1], are clonogenic, plastic adherent cells with multiple differentiation capacity into mesenchyme and even nonmesenchyme lineage cells such as adipocyte, osteoblast, chondrocyte, hepatocyte and neural cell [2]. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) share common features with BM-MSCs, they may be more committed to odontogenic rather than osteogenic development [6]. Several attempts have been made to isolate stem cells from dental tissues other than adult pulp, including deciduous teeth [7], periodontal ligament [8], dental follicle [9] and apical papilla [10]. Only few studies have been done on evaluating the presence of stem cells in dental tissues affected by a pathological process [11,12]. We aimed to evaluate the presence of stem cells within a tissue that is fully formed from a pathologic process, pulp polyps.
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