Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their beneficial effects and regenerative potential. In particular, dental-derived MSCs have the advantage of easier accessibility and a non-invasive isolation method. Moreover, thanks to their neural crest origin, dental MSCs seem to have a more prominent neuroregenerative potential. Indeed, in basal conditions they also express neuronal markers. However, it is now well known that the beneficial actions of MSCs depend, at least in part, on their secretome, referring to all the bioactive molecules released in the conditioned medium (CM) or in extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review we focus on the applications of the secretome derived from dental MSCs for neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. The secretomes of different dental MSCs have been tested for their effects for neuroregenerative purposes, and the secretomes of dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth are the most studied. Both the CM and EVs obtained from dental MSCs showed that they are able to promote neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective effects. Interestingly, dental-derived MSC secretome showed stronger neuroregenerative and neuroprotective effects compared to that obtained from other MSC sources. For these reasons, the secretome obtained from dental MSCs may represent a promising approach for neuroprotective treatments.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with great potential for regenerative medicine [1]
The different types of MSCs showed a different pattern of neurotrophic factor expression, and, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) released higher levels of several growth factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared with bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) and adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (AMSCs)
The studies evaluated in this review highlighted that both conditioned medium (CM) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) stimulated neurite outgrowth and showed neuroprotective effects in preclinical models of neurological diseases and neuronal damage
Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with great potential for regenerative medicine [1]. In 2000 Gronthos et al firstly isolated a population of MSCs from dental pulp cells, with similar properties to bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) [6]. Dental MSCs have the advantages of being accessible with minimally invasive procedures [8], expandable with relative genomic stability for a long period of time, and show immunomodulatory properties [9]. They are able to differentiate toward the mesodermal lineage, but they show the ability to transdifferentiate into ectodermal and endodermal lineages [10]. We focus on the secretome obtained by dental MSCs, showing its potential for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in preclinical models
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
