Abstract
Dental hygienists are often faced with patients wearing lingual orthodontic therapy, as ultrasonic instrumentation (UI) is crucial for oral health. As the application of external forces can lead to premature bonding failure, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UI on shear bond strength (SBS) and on adhesive remnant index (ARI) of different lingual orthodontic brackets. 200 bovine incisors were divided into 10 groups. Four different lingual (STB, Ormco; TTR, Rocky Mountain Orthodontics; Idea, Leone; 2D, Forestadent) and vestibular control (Victory, 3M) brackets were bonded. UI was performed in half of specimens, whereas the other half did not receive any treatment. All groups were tested with a universal testing machine. SBS and ARI values were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed (significance: P = 0.05). TTR, Idea, and 2D lingual brackets significantly lowered SBS after UI, whereas for other braces no effect was recorded. Appliances with lower mesh area significantly reduced their adhesion capacity after UI. Moreover groups subjected to UI showed higher ARI scores than controls. UI lowered SBS of lingual appliances of small dimensions so particular care should be posed avoiding prolonged instrumentation around bracket base during plaque removal. Moreover, UI influenced also ARI scores.
Highlights
Oral hygiene professionals are constantly faced with patients under orthodontic treatment [1] as fixed appliances cause plaque accumulation around bands and brackets [2]
On the other hand vestibular control bracket (Group 2, Victory) and a lingual bracket (Group 4, STB) showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in shear bond strength (SBS) values when compared with their control groups (Groups 1 and 3, resp.)
Prolonged ultrasonic vibration at maximum power is used to facilitate the removal of posts, crowns, or bridges and could debond orthodontic brackets [15]
Summary
Oral hygiene professionals are constantly faced with patients under orthodontic treatment [1] as fixed appliances cause plaque accumulation around bands and brackets [2]. Lingual appliances allow the correction of tooth malocclusions through fixed brackets attached to the lingual tooth surfaces [4]. This technique presents high aesthetic if compared with conventional vestibular orthodontic appliance. Plaque and calculus accumulation has been demonstrated to be equal to [5] or higher [6] than vestibular treatment. Oral hygiene protocols for patients during orthodontic treatment include both verbal education and professional treatments with rotating brushes and ultrasonic scalers [7]
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