Abstract
Currently, it has been observed a significant increase in the prevalence of dental erosion as a consequence of frequent exposure to acids from foods, drinks and gastric juice. The aim of this review was to give some new insights about the definition and diagnosis of this condition, to clarify the causal factors and to show the preventive strategies and restorative therapy. Dental erosion is complex condition dependent on the interaction of chemical, biological and behavior factors. The diagnosis is generally performed by the analysis of the clinical appearance of the lesions in combination with the patient’s history. Some new technologies have been developed to help in early diagnosis and to quantify dental erosion in different phases. Preventive measures are established according to the causal factors, which may include the dietary intervention, modification of acidic drinks, and behavioral changes, or the modification of the tooth surface to increase its resistance against acidic attacks. The restorative treatment may range from minimally invasive therapies to multidisciplinary interventions. The clinicians should know how to detect the condition early, so that preventive measures can be applied before the lesions progress. Therapeutic strategies in high-risk patients should be as conservative as possible, involving multidisciplinary and preventive approaches with a periodic control for the success of the treatment. Key-words: Epidemiology, Prevention, Rehabilitation, Treatment, Tooth erosion
Highlights
Dental erosion is a tooth lesion caused by exposure to non-bacterial acids, which has been received attention from researchers and clinicians by its increasing prevalence and clinical detection [1,2]
Dental erosion presents two distinct phases recently classified as “Erosion” (Initial phase), in which there is a only softening of the tooth surface and “Erosive Tooth Wear” (Advanced Phase), with tooth surface loss due to the successive erosive attacks with a remained softened surface [2,3]
Attrition is defined as the wear of direct contact tooth-to-tooth, while abrasion occurs due to the presence of particles in movement and contact with the tooth surface as, for example, toothpaste and toothbrush [7]
Summary
Dental erosion is a tooth lesion caused by exposure to non-bacterial acids, which has been received attention from researchers and clinicians by its increasing prevalence and clinical detection [1,2]. Dental erosion presents two distinct phases recently classified as “Erosion” (Initial phase), in which there is a only softening of the tooth surface and “Erosive Tooth Wear” (Advanced Phase), with tooth surface loss due to the successive erosive attacks with a remained softened surface [2,3]. The remained softened layer presents low resistance to further erosive challenges as well as to mechanical wear by forces such as abrasion and attrition [4,5,6]. Attrition is defined as the wear of direct contact tooth-to-tooth, while abrasion occurs due to the presence of particles in movement and contact with the tooth surface as, for example, toothpaste and toothbrush [7]. When tooth lesion involves erosive and mechanical challenges is generally defined as “Tooth wear”
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