Abstract
Objective: To provide an overview on the prevalence and types of dental anomalies in patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM). Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria were CFM and dental anomalies. The following data were extracted: number of patients, methodology, mean age, sex, affected side, severity of mandibular hypoplasia, dentition stage and dental anomalies. Information sources: Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science, CINAHL EBSCOhost and Google Scholar, searched until the 30 August 2019. Risk of bias: The quality was examined with the OCEBM Levels of Evidence. Included studies: In total, 13 papers were included: four retrospective cohort studies, four prospective cohort studies, four case‐control studies and one case series. Synthesis of results: The studies reported information on dental agenesis, delayed dental development, tooth size anomalies, tooth morphology and other dental anomalies. Description of the effect: Dental anomalies are more often diagnosed in patients with CFM than in healthy controls and occur more often on the affected than on the non‐affected side. Strengths and limitations of evidence: This is the first systematic review study on dental anomalies in CFM. However, most articles were of low quality. Interpretation: Dental anomalies are common in CFM, which might be linked to the development of CFM. The pathophysiology of CFM is not entirely clear, and further research is needed.
Highlights
In patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM), the development of the first and second pharyngeal arches during the first 6 weeks of gestation is disturbed, resulting in diverse craniofacial malformations, including underdevelopment of the maxilla, mandible, ears, facial muscles and nerves.[1,2] CFM is the second most common craniofacial birth defect with an incidence varying between 1 in 3500 and 1 in 45 0003-6 and is considered to be a unilateral condition
The phenotype of CFM is heterogeneous as is demonstrated by the many terms used for describing CFM, for example first and second branchial arch syndrome, hemifacial microsomia, oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia and otomandibular dysostosis.[9,10,11]
The OMENS classification is used to describe the anomalies of the orbit, mandible, ear, facial nerve and the soft tissues, whereby the Pruzansky‐Kaban score is used to determine the severity of the mandibular hypoplasia.[16]
Summary
In patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM), the development of the first and second pharyngeal arches during the first 6 weeks of gestation is disturbed, resulting in diverse craniofacial malformations, including underdevelopment of the maxilla, mandible, ears, facial muscles and nerves.[1,2] CFM is the second most common craniofacial birth defect with an incidence varying between 1 in 3500 and 1 in 45 0003-6 and is considered to be a unilateral condition. To describe the severity of mandibular hypoplasia and other malformations in CFM, several classification systems have been developed, that is the OMENS classification including the Pruzansky‐Kaban score, the Chierici score and the SAT scale.[12,13,14,15,16]. The OMENS classification is used to describe the anomalies of the orbit, mandible, ear, facial nerve and the soft tissues, whereby the Pruzansky‐Kaban score is used to determine the severity of the mandibular hypoplasia.[16] Another classification system is the SAT scale and is used to describe the mandibular, auricular and soft‐tissue deformities that might occur in CFM.[14] mandibular deformities in CFM are as well described by the Chierici score.[15] Using classification models, patients can be systematically described and categorized to provide insight into severity of the deformities and possible need for (surgical) treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the literature regarding CFM and the prevalence and types of dental anomalies
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