Abstract

BackgroundDental amalgam is a source of elemental and inorganic mercury. The safety of dental amalgam in individuals remains a controversial issue. Urinary mercury concentrations are used to assess chronic exposure to elemental mercury. At present, there are no indications of mercury-associated adverse effects at levels below 5 μg Hg/g creatinine (Cr) or 7 μg Hg/L (urine). The purpose of the present study is to determine the overall urinary mercury level in the Canadian general population in relation to the number of dental amalgam surfaces.MethodsData come from the 2007/09 Canadian Health Measures Survey, which measured urinary mercury concentrations in a nationally representative sample of 5,418 Canadians aged 6–79 years. Urinary mercury concentrations were stratified by sex, age, and number of dental amalgam surfaces.ResultsThe overall mean urinary mercury concentration varied between 0.12 μg Hg/L and 0.31 μg Hg/L or 0.13 μg Hg/g Cr and 0.40 μg Hg/g Cr. In general, females showed slightly higher mean urinary mercury levels than men. The overall 95th percentile was 2.95 μg Hg/L, the 99th percentile was 7.34E μg Hg/L, and the 99.9th percentile was 17.45 μg Hg/L. Expressed as μg Hg/g Cr, the overall 95th percentile was 2.57 μg Hg/g Cr, the 99th percentile was 5.65 μg Hg/g Cr, and the 99.9th percentiles was 12.14 μg Hg/g Cr. Overall, 98.2% of participants had urinary mercury levels below 7 μg Hg/L and 97.7% had urinary mercury levels below 5 μg Hg/g Cr. All data are estimates for the Canadian population. The estimates followed by the letter “E” should be interpreted with caution due to high sampling variability (coefficient of variation 16.6%-33.3%).ConclusionsThe mean urinary mercury concentrations in the general Canadian population are significantly lower than the values considered to pose any risks for health.

Highlights

  • Dental amalgam is a source of elemental and inorganic mercury

  • In the amalgam free group, selected percentiles (i.e., 95th, 99th,99.9th) and mumc estimates are provided for each age group (i.e., 6–11,12-19, 20–39, 49–59, 60–79, and 6–79 years old)

  • In the Overall group, the number and percentage of people with urinary mercury concentrations above 7 μg Micrograms mercury per liter (Hg/L) and 5 μg Cr micrograms mercury per gram creatinine (Hg/g) Cr are presented in addition to the above (Tables 2 and 3)

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Summary

Introduction

Dental amalgam is a source of elemental and inorganic mercury. There are no indications of mercury-associated adverse effects at levels below 5 μg Hg/g creatinine (Cr) or 7 μg Hg/L (urine). The purpose of the present study is to determine the overall urinary mercury level in the Canadian general population in relation to the number of dental amalgam surfaces. To a much lesser extent, the general population is exposed to inorganic and elemental mercury from sources such as dental amalgam [3]. Dental amalgam has been in use for more than 150 years It provides advantages over other restorative mercury released from dental amalgam (i.e., elemental and inorganic) is absorbed; most inorganic mercury released from amalgam is excreted [6]

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