Abstract
Motivated by recent experimental evidence of charge order in the pseudogap phase of cuprates, we perform a variational analysis of charge-neutral, spin-singlet ordering in metals on the square lattice, using a wavefunction with double occupancy projected out. We examine ordering with and without time-reversal symmetry, with arbitrary wavevector and tunable form factor. Depending on parameters, we find d-wave bond density wave ordering with wavevector either parallel to the lattice generators or diagonally oriented, or a ground state which carries a time reversal-breaking pattern of spontaneous currents.
Highlights
Motivated by recent experimental evidence of charge order in the pseudogap phase of cuprates, we perform a variational analysis of charge-neutral, spin-singlet ordering in metals on the square lattice, using a wavefunction with double occupancy projected out
There are indications that the charge order lies predominantly on the bonds connecting the Cu sites [14,15,16]. Motivated by these remarkable experimental developments, we present a thorough exploration of charge density wave (CDW) instabilities in a strongly correlated, antiferromagnetic metal as described by a variational wavefunction in which doubly-occupied sites are projected out
Our main conclusions are that i) the antiferromagnetic interaction and electron correlations can cause the condensation of a d-wave CDW with the experimentally observed wavevector, a result that proved elusive so far under controlled approximations, and ii) for a different range of parameters, a state is favored which supports time-reversal breaking permanent currents, known in the literature as the staggered flux (SF) state [17,18,19,20,21]
Summary
Motivated by recent experimental evidence of charge order in the pseudogap phase of cuprates, we perform a variational analysis of charge-neutral, spin-singlet ordering in metals on the square lattice, using a wavefunction with double occupancy projected out. Motivated by these remarkable experimental developments, we present a thorough exploration of charge density wave (CDW) instabilities in a strongly correlated, antiferromagnetic metal as described by a variational wavefunction in which doubly-occupied sites are projected out. A restricted optimization for wavevectors parallel to the copper-oxygen bonds [23] (the wavevector direction observed in experiments) yielded a wavevector close to that connecting hot spots (Fig. 1) and with a form factor which remained predominantly d-wave.
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