Density, viscosity, vapour–liquid equilibrium, excess molar enthalpy, and their correlations of the binary system [1-pentanol + R-(+)-limonene] over the complete concentration range, at different temperatures

Abstract

Density and viscosity measurements in the T = (293.15–373.15) K range of pure 1-pentanol, R-(+)-limonene, as well as of the binary system { x 1 1-pentanol + (1 − x 1) limonene} over the whole concentration range were made. The experimental results were fitted to empirical equations, which permit the calculation of these properties in the studied temperature range. Calculated values are in agreement with the experimental ones. Data of the binary mixtures were further used to calculate the excess molar volume and viscosity deviations. Excess enthalpy at 303 K and vapour–liquid equilibrium measurements in the T = (328.15–343.15) K range were also obtained for the binary system. These last experimental results were used to calculate activity coefficients and the excess molar Gibbs energy. This binary system exhibits a maximum pressure azeotrope. Excess or deviation properties were fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial relation to obtain their coefficients and standard deviations. Vapour pressure of 1-pentanol over the P = (2.3–95.1) kPa range were also measured. Furthermore, functional relationships between the total pressure and the mole fraction of 1-pentanol with the temperature of the azeotropic point were also deduced. These equations are useful to calculate the azeotropic point coordinates in the temperature and pressure ranges studied in this work.