Abstract
The density profile of a liquid metal surface is calculated from density-functional theory within the square-gradient approximation. The asymptotic solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations, which determine ion and electron surface density profiles, are obtained analytically in the bulk liquid phase. Using these solutions as the trial functions for the variational calculation, the ion and electron density profiles of liquid alkali metals are determined simultaneously. Both ion and electron density profiles show oscillations similar to those predicted from reflectivity measurements and computer simulations.
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