Density-dependent growth of double-crested cormorant colonies on Lake Huron

Abstract

By analyzing 20+ years of data, we found that the nesting colonies of double-crested cormorants ( Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson, 1831)) in the North Channel and Georgian Bay of Lake Huron exhibit density-dependent population regulation. This conclusion is based on four lines of evidence. First, a time series of nest counts at specific colonies (1979–2001) showed density-dependent growth based on randomization tests of the time series. Second, the per capita rate of change in colony size declined with increasing colony size over a 10-year period. Third, a Ricker model of aggregate nest counts showed that population growth of nesting double-crested cormorants stabilized in recent years (through 2003), with K, the carrying capacity parameter, being 11 445 nests in the North Channel and 10 815 nests in Georgian Bay. Fourth, a colony area index showed near complete coverage of coastal areas by adult nesters coinciding with overall declines in population growth. High rates of population increase of double-crested cormorants on Lake Huron have largely come to an end, but changes in fish abundance may result in changes in carrying capacity.