Density Based Traffic System via IR Sensor

Abstract

This paper presents an inventive prototype design of a traffic light which is purposely used at junctioned road since traffic light is the best way to supervise and manage traffic at any busy junction or intersection. This project is designed to develop a density based traffic signal system where its signal timing changes automatically after sensing the traffic density at the intersection. Traffic density is define as the amount of vehicle congested at a certain place, in this case an intersection. The more vehicles available, the higher the traffic density is. This increasing number of vehicles on the road will produce many problems such as traffic jammed thus will also drive to road accidents. Conventional traffic light uses fixed time which cause difficulties in controlling the traffic itself. In order to resolve this problem, design of this traffic light will help to reduce traffic jammed at a particular location. This traffic light uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller to create an automation function together with an Infrared sensor (IR sensor) to detect the density of the traffic. Each vehicle is set to 3 seconds. All vehicles pass through the traffic light is measured and processed accordingly to delays. If there is no vehicle on the road for at least 1 second, then it will change to another traffic light. By using this, all vehicles will be counted and interacted with the system thus increase delay period for the green light at each traffic light which may have high density of traffic. Thus, it will reduce problems which might rooted from traffic congestion at the intersection.