Abstract
Abstract Density measurements (i.e., physical magnitude) are quick, efficient, and crucial in determining the structure and quality of solid materials. For polymer composites, properties tend to increase, decrease, or both with density. In this work, poly(lactic acid) composites (PLAC) filled with carbon black (CB), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared using the dissolution–dispersion method (DD) and oligomeric–dispersion method (OD). To study the hybrid effect, PLAC with 2.5 weight percent (wt%) CB + MWCNTs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0wt%) and 2.5wt% CB + CNFs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0wt%) were prepared using DD and OD. Density measurements were performed on PLAC to determine the extent of dispersion and interphase characteristics. PLAC prepared by OD showed an increase in density values in comparison to DD, irrespective of the filler.
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