Abstract
An analytical scheme is presented for calculating in-process billet porosity and efficiency of matrix uptake for each cycle of densification of a carbon-carbon (C-C) composite. The relationships developed are applied to the results for densification of three-dimensional (3-D) Cartesian weave C-C composites to evaluate the relative magnitudes of the factors that affect billet densification efficiency. These factors are initial preform porosity, densification of the fiber due to processing, billet growth, and densification efficiency of the pitch, which, in turn, is a function of liquid pitch impregnation efficiency, pitch expulsion from the billet during pyrolysis, and carbon yield of the pitch. The main factor in billet densification is the efficiency of the pitch in transforming to carbon matrix. Both in situ fiber densification and billet expansion contribute to porosity development during processing. Billet growth is an important factor affecting porosity development in the later stages of densification. Also, densification efficiency increases significantly with increasing billet density (decreasing porosity).
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