Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have desirable mechanical properties for use as biomaterials in orthopedic and dental area such as bone- and tooth- substitutes. Here, we demonstrate that a glass surface densely coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs incubated on SWNT- and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-coated glass showed high activities of alkaline phosphatase that are markers for early stage osteogenic differentiation. Expression of Bmp2, Runx2, and Alpl of MSCs showed high level in the early stage for MSC incubation on SWNT- and MWNT-coated surfaces, but only the cells on the SWNT-coated glass showed high expression levels of Bglap (Osteocalcin). The cells on the SWNT-coated glass also contained the most calcium, and their calcium deposits had long needle-shaped crystals. SWNT coating at high density could be part of a new scaffold for bone regeneration.
Highlights
Today, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are just beginning to be used in various industries; including sporting goods manufacturing, the automotive industry and electronics, because they have unique electrical and mechanical properties
These thinner single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) structures appeared almost rectilinear in the Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographs with length up tp 500 nm (Fig 1b and 1c), indicating a significant stiffer nature than for DNA reported to a persistence length of 50 nm
We have shown that glass surfaces coated with SWNTs at high concentrations are able to facilitate the osteogenic induction of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) better than PLO- and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-coated glass as well as uncoated control
Summary
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are just beginning to be used in various industries; including sporting goods manufacturing, the automotive industry and electronics, because they have unique electrical and mechanical properties. CNTs have high stiffness with a Young’s modulus of approx. The toughness of CNTs has attracted interest in the field of orthopedics for their use as biomaterials for bone regeneration [3, 4]. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potentials to self-renew and differentiate into the multilineage phenotypes derived from mesoderm, e.g., osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes [5, 6]. MSCs differentiate into pre-osteoblasts, which become mature osteoblast and later on osteocytes [7].
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