Abstract
Dengue virus is the most common mosquito borne viral disease in humans, and poses a major challenge to global public health services. Infection can be caused by any of the 4 DENV serotypes, transmitted by female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Presenting features may vary from a mild self-limiting febrile illness to life-threatening symptoms of bleeding, organ impairment, and plasma leakage leading to shock. Early diagnosis and monitoring are critical to reduce mortality, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Laboratory tests, such as the serological detection of either antigen or antibodies are useful in the diagnosis. Currently, although a vaccine for DENV is available, it remains a challenge to develop an effective vaccine against 4 discrete serotypes and antiviral drugs effective in reducing morbidity or improving disease outcome.
Highlights
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus which is spread to humans by the bite of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (AMs) [1]
Others described the same illness as Philippines and Bangkok hemorrhagic fever initially, but it is commonly known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) [11, 12]
This review explores these research questions, and other commonly asked questions/topics about dengue infection
Summary
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus which is spread to humans by the bite of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (AMs) [1]. The reasons include 1) severe dengue more often occurs in secondary infection with heterotypic virus when the viral load falls; 2) DENV replication may occur in some organs when viremia is no longer detectable; and 3) the peak in symptoms, vascular leak, and viral control coincide with cytokine storm, which is characterized by high circulating levels of proinflammatory mediators including TNF, IFN, chemokine ligand 5, and vascular endothelial growth factor as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 This cytokine storm has been implicated to trigger increased vascular permeability and multiorgan failure, but resolves relatively quickly upon patient convalescence [22, 32, 36]. NS1 antigen test is useful to confirm a clinically suspected infection (symptomatic patient)
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