Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the drug: Ca-Dobesilate (CaD) which has been in common use in venous insufficiency treatment; on renal scarring and expressions of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFb1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and hepatocyte growth factor-beta (HGF-beta) in a rat pyelonephritis model.
 Materialw and Methods: Eight pyelonephritis groups, each constituting of 7 rats were developed as no treatment - ciprofloxacin – ciprofloxacin and CaD administered groups; following injecting E Coli (ATCC 25922) into kidney. No treatment given rat groups were sacrificed following 24h, 72 h, 14d and 28d from bacterial seeding respectively. Rats from treatment groups were sacrificed after 14d and 28d accordingly. Diagnoses of pyelonephritis and fibrosis, TGFb, bFGF and HGF-beta were scored semiquantitatively by immunohistochemical staining.
 Results: The extent of pyelonephritis and fibrosis was lower in rats treated with ciprofloxacin and CaD compared to sole ciprofloxacin and no treatment administered counterparts among groups terminated after 2wks following bacterial inoculation. However, CaD effect on pyelonephritis and fibrosis scores did not persist after treatment was discontinued. 
 Conclusion: CaD might alleviate pyelonephritis and scarring, depending on dosage and treatment period and further studies are needed to determine optimum treatment dose and duration.
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