Abstract
Dendritic cells are specialized cells of the innate immune system, with high capacity to present antigens in the context of the Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHC-II) to T lymphocytes (CD4+); these cells are up to 100 times stronger than any other antigen presenting cell. The ability of the antigen presentation by dendritic cells has been documented in animal models and clinical studies conducted in humans. Based on the above, different techniques and methods have been developed to use dendritic cells in cancer-aimed immunotherapies. The dendritic cell vaccines refer to biological therapies, prepared by different strategies (ex vivo and in vivo), which aim to enhance the presentation of tumor antigens and develop a more targeted and sustained immune response on these. They are obtained from precursor cells that mature with specific stimuli that direct them to the desired therapy. Different applications for these therapies have been described in numerous types of cancers, which will be described.
Highlights
The main function of the immune system is to protect the body from pathogens originating from microorganisms in the environment
They are recognized by T-lymphocytes, which possess TCR receptors, which are specific to these major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-antigen complexes
With the proposal to induce an immune response against the largest amount of tumor antigens, strategies have been developed to load dendritic cells with all antigens derived from whole tumor cells
Summary
The main function of the immune system is to protect the body from pathogens originating from microorganisms in the environment. An effective immune system must be able to detect a wide variety of pathogens and distinguish between foreign agents and the body's own tissues [1]. This control and surveillance system can be damaged and open the way to different diseases. Immunotherapy seeks to obtain therapeutic benefit through mobilization of the immune system. It can be passive by transferring activated cytotoxic cells such as Lymphokine-Activated Killer (LAK) to the patient or by transferring antibodies. Immunotherapy can be active through vaccines [2]
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