Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important disease in cattle, resulting in significant economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. In order to develop an effective vaccine against BVDV infection, we constructed a dendritic cell (DC)-targeting oral probiotic vaccine (pPG-E2-DCpep/LC W56) using Lactobacillus casei as antigen delivery carrier to express BVDV glycoprotein E2 fused with DC-targeting peptide, and the immunogenicity of orally administered probiotic vaccine was evaluated in mice model. Our results showed that after immunization with the probiotic vaccine, significantly levels of antigen-specific sera IgG and mucosal sIgA antibodies (p < 0.05) with BVDV-neutralizing activity were induced in vivo. Challenge experiment showed that pPG-E2-DCpep/LC W56 can provide effective immune protection against BVDV, and BVDV could be effectively cleared from the intestine of immunized mice post-challenge. Moreover, the pPG-E2-DCpep/LC W56 could efficiently activate DCs in the intestinal Peyer’s patches, and significantly levels of lymphoproliferative responses, Th1-associated IFN-γ, and Th2-associated IL-4 were observed in mice immunized with pPG-E2-DCpep/LC W56 (p < 0.01). Our results clearly demonstrate that the probiotic vaccine could efficiently induce anti-BVDV mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses via oral immunization, indicating a promising strategy for the development of oral vaccine against BVDV.
Highlights
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), which is an economically important viral disease in cattle that is endemic in many countries worldwide, causing considerable economic losses in the global dairy/cattle industry [1,2,3,4,5]
specific pathogen-free (SPF) BALB/c mice were used as animal model to evaluate the immune protection of the recombinant lactobacillus via oral vaccination
15-day challenge period, observed thatvirus virusexcretion excretionininfeces fecescollected collectedfrom from the the mice mice orally immunized with strains pPG-E2-DC-targeting peptide (DCpep)/LC
Summary
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), which is an economically important viral disease in cattle that is endemic in many countries worldwide, causing considerable economic losses in the global dairy/cattle industry [1,2,3,4,5]. Vaccines for BVD are available, including inactivated vaccines and live attenuated vaccines, but, in some cases, the efficacy of such attenuated or killed BVDV vaccines under controlled experimental conditions and under field conditions has been controversial [11], e.g. modified live CP-BVDV vaccines can induce severe mucosal disease in persistently infected (PI) calves. The combination of identification and removal of PI calves, the implementation of appropriate biosecurity measures, on-going surveillance and eradication is recognized to be a successful strategy to control BVDV infection [11,12,13,14]. It inevitably requires tremendous financial support [15,16]. It is necessary to develop effective vaccines against BVDV infection
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