Abstract
Severe dendrites growth and huge volume change have hindered the commercialization of lithium (Li) metal anodes. Fabricating porous scaffolds is an effective strategy, especially when Li metal is preloaded onto the scaffolds uniformly through molten Li infusion method. Herein, a copper oxide-coated biporous copper scaffold (CuOx@Cu) is impregnated with molten Li to readily fabricate a composite anode (CuOx@Cu-Li). The scaffold derived from phase inversion method can dissipate local current density, confine volume change during charging/discharging and homogenize Li deposition. Besides, the spontaneous reaction of CuOx with molten Li promotes the infusion process and produces Li2O, protecting Li from side reactions. Therefore, CuOx@Cu-Li shows greatly enhanced stability and reduced polarization in both ether- and carbonate-based electrolytes, even under an ultra-high capacity of 10 mAh cm−2 or current density of 20 mA cm−2. Furthermore, a full cell with LiFePO4 cathode delivers a high capacity retention (90.1% after 1000 cycles at 5C) and excellent rate capability, while that with LiNi0.7Co0.1Mn0.2O2 cathode also exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability (73.8% after 1800 cycles at 5C), shedding a brilliant light on the practical application of Li metal batteries.
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