Abstract
Development of novel magnetic materials is of interest for fundamental studies and applications such as spintronics, permanent magnetics, and sensors. We report on the first experimental realization of single element ferromagnetism, since Fe, Co, and Ni, in metastable tetragonal Ru, which has been predicted. Body-centered tetragonal Ru phase is realized by use of strain via seed layer engineering. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy confirm the epitaxial mechanism to obtain tetragonal phase Ru. We observed a saturation magnetization of 148 and 160 emu cm−3 at room temperature and 10 K, respectively. Control samples ensure the ferromagnetism we report on is from tetragonal Ru and not from magnetic contamination. The effect of thickness on the magnetic properties is also studied, and it is observed that increasing thickness results in strain relaxation, and thus diluting the magnetization. Anomalous Hall measurements are used to confirm its ferromagnetic behavior.
Highlights
Development of novel magnetic materials is of interest for fundamental studies and applications such as spintronics, permanent magnetics, and sensors
Shiki et al.[10] claimed to have formed body-centered tetragonal (BCT) Ru by growing on single crystal (110) Mo substrates, but they did not report the magnetic properties of their thin films
A non-textured stack with a 20 nm Mo seed layer and 2.5 nm of Ru was grown at room temperature as a control sample, and a 20 nm (110) Mo layer, with no Ru, sample was grown at 400 °C on a (1120) Al2O3 substrate as an additional control
Summary
Development of novel magnetic materials is of interest for fundamental studies and applications such as spintronics, permanent magnetics, and sensors. We report on the first experimental realization of single element ferromagnetism, since Fe, Co, and Ni, in metastable tetragonal Ru, which has been predicted. Body-centered tetragonal Ru phase is realized by use of strain via seed layer engineering. Ferromagnetism has a long history of study, and to date only three single elements display room temperature ferromagnetism—Fe, Co, and Ni1. Theoretical calculations have proposed ferromagnetism is possible in Ru, Os, and Ur if these elements can be forced into a tetragonal lattice structure[7,8,9]. Shiki et al.[10] claimed to have formed body-centered tetragonal (BCT) Ru by growing on single crystal (110) Mo substrates, but they did not report the magnetic properties of their thin films.
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