Abstract
Abstract Lithium niobate integrated photonics has recently received significant attention because it exploits the attractive properties of lithium niobate on an integrated platform which provides strong optical confinement as well as high photonic integration density. Although many optical functionalities of lithium niobate have been demonstrated on a chip in the telecom band, the visible and near-visible regimes are less explored. This is mainly because devices with a relatively smaller feature size are required which increases fabrication difficulty. Here, we explored the acousto-optic effect of lithium niobate on a chip at near-visible wavelengths (765–781 nm) and demonstrated acousto-optic modulation with the modulation frequency up to 2.44 GHz. We adopted an etchless process for the device fabrication and applied the principle of bound states in the continuum to optimize the device performance. By demonstrating functionality at near-visible wavelengths, our devices will enable many on-chip applications ranging from frequency metrology to quantum information processing.
Highlights
Visible integrated photonics, albeit less prevalent than the well-developed telecom integrated photonics, has Acousto-optics, which deals with changes of refractive index of a medium in the presence of sound waves in the same medium, has aroused great interest due to its wide applications in deflection, modulation, signal processing, and frequency shifting of light beams
Lithium niobate integrated photonics has recently received significant attention because it exploits the attractive properties of lithium niobate on an integrated platform which provides strong optical confinement as well as high photonic integration density
We explored the acousto-optic effect of lithium niobate on a chip at near-visible wavelengths (765–781 nm) and demonstrated acousto-optic modulation with the modulation frequency up to 2.44 GHz
Summary
Albeit less prevalent than the well-developed telecom integrated photonics, has. Acousto-optics, which deals with changes of refractive index of a medium in the presence of sound waves in the same medium, has aroused great interest due to its wide applications in deflection, modulation, signal processing, and frequency shifting of light beams. To achieve strong acousto-optic interaction, two conditions need to be satisfied: high energy confinement of optical and acoustic modes and large overlap between the two modes. Compared with bulk acoustic waves, surface acoustic waves (SAWs), which propagate on surfaces of a material with amplitude decaying exponentially within a depth less than acoustic wavelength, has very high energy confinement and can attain large overlap with the optical mode of a planar waveguide on an integrated. Harnessing SAWs for visible integrated photonics can produce applications in visible-light optical signal processing, modulation, and filtering, which will pave the way for on-chip optical communication in the visible regime
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