Abstract
Flexible heating demand in buildings plays an important role in achieving a carbon neutral society. For the district heating system of Copenhagen, heating demand flexibility can help to eliminate the use of fossil-fueled boilers that are used during peak-load periods. In this project, field tests in 16 apartments were conducted, aiming to gain insights into the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to manage heating systems operation for flexible demand. The apartments are equipped with sensors and devices interfaced to an ICT system composed of blocks responsible for data storage, monitoring and control. In the experiments, we controlled temperature setpoints of individual rooms during defined periods of the day, and continuously developed control strategies throughout the tests in the heating season 2018/19. The final algorithm was implemented with features to reduce the rebound effect and include residents feedback. All the algorithms are generic and can be applied in other smart homes where heating supply to rooms is controlled using thermostats. The ICT system architecture used in the experiments showed to be a feasible way to implement demand side management (DSM) in the heating system, and the learning process of the experiments resulted in improvements on the control strategies, leading to a better system performance.
Highlights
According to the Copenhagen 2025 Climate Plan [1], the City of Copenhagen aims to be the worlds first carbon neutral capital by 2025
For the district heating system of Copenhagen, heating demand flexibility can help to eliminate the use of fossil-fueled boilers that are used during peak-load periods
The information and communication technologies (ICT) system architecture used in the experiments showed to be a feasible way to implement demand side management (DSM) in the heating system, and the learning process of the experiments resulted in improvements on the control strategies, leading to a better system performance
Summary
According to the Copenhagen 2025 Climate Plan [1], the City of Copenhagen aims to be the worlds first carbon neutral capital by 2025. One of the targets is to make its district heating carbon neutral, as 98% of the buildings in Copenhagen are supplied by district heating network [2]. A more flexible heating demand in buildings plays an important role in reducing CO2 emissions of district heating. In the EnergyLab Nordhavn New Urban Energy Infrastructures project, Copenhagens Nordhavn district is used as a full-scale smart city energy lab to demonstrate how electricity and heating, energy-efficient buildings and electric transport can be integrated into an intelligent, flexible and optimized energy system [3]. As part of the EnergyLab Nordhavn project, we focus on heating demand management in buildings to enable heating flexibility for the reduction of fossil fuel use in district heating
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