Abstract
Cooling of hadron beams is critically important in the next generation of hadron storage rings for delivery of unprecedented performance. One such application is the electron-ion collider presently under development in the US. The desire to develop electron coolers for operation at much higher energies than previously achieved necessitates the use of radio-frequency (rf) fields for acceleration as opposed to the conventional, electrostatic approach. While electron cooling is a mature technology at low energy utilizing a dc beam, rf acceleration requires the cooling beam to be bunched, thus extending the parameter space to an unexplored territory. It is important to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of cooling with electron bunches and further investigate how the relative time structure of the two beams affects the cooling properties; thus, a set of four pulsed-beam cooling experiments was carried out by a collaboration of Jefferson Lab and Institute of Modern Physics (IMP). The experiments have successfully demonstrated cooling with a beam of electron bunches in both the longitudinal and transverse directions for the first time. We have measured the effect of the electron bunch length and longitudinal ion focusing strength on the temporal evolution of the longitudinal and transverse ion beam profile and demonstrate that if the synchronization can be accurately maintained, the dynamics are not adversely affected by the change in time structure.13 MoreReceived 17 July 2020Accepted 18 November 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.012801Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasBeam coolingAccelerators & Beams
Highlights
Electron cooling has become one of the most effective methods for increasing the phase space density of stored ion beams through their interaction with an electron beam copropagating at the same average velocity [1]
A collaboration between Jefferson Lab (USA) and Institute of Modern Physics (IMP, China) was established in 2012 to conduct precursory bunched cooling experiments aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of such a scheme and investigating its beam-dynamical implications
Because a dedicated facility for accelerating bunched electron beams for cooling purposes did not exist at the time, the availability and flexibility of the dc cooling setup installed in the ion ring CSRm at IMP led to the decision to add a pulsing option to the existing facility
Summary
Electron cooling has become one of the most effective methods for increasing the phase space density of stored ion beams through their interaction with an electron beam copropagating at the same average velocity [1]. The electron cooling method has found a wide range of applications in several low- and medium-energy proton and ion storage rings. Due to the technical limitations of high-voltage acceleration, providing cooling beams at much higher energies necessitates rf acceleration and the use of bunched electron beams. Because a dedicated facility for accelerating bunched electron beams for cooling purposes did not exist at the time, the availability and flexibility of the dc cooling setup installed in the ion ring CSRm at IMP led to the decision to add a pulsing option to the existing facility. The most recent data set includes cooling of all stored bunches to improve statistics. We describe the pulsed-electron-beam cooling facility we set up at IMP and present the results of the most recent cooling experiment with 86Kr25þ ions at an energy of 5 MeV=nucleon
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