Abstract
The use of accelerated beams of electrons, protons or ions has furthered the development of nearly every scientific discipline. However, high-energy muon beams of equivalent quality have not yet been delivered. Muon beams can be created through the decay of pions produced by the interaction of a proton beam with a target. Such ‘tertiary’ beams have much lower brightness than those created by accelerating electrons, protons or ions. High-brightness muon beams comparable to those produced by state-of-the-art electron, proton and ion accelerators could facilitate the study of lepton–antilepton collisions at extremely high energies and provide well characterized neutrino beams1–6. Such muon beams could be realized using ionization cooling, which has been proposed to increase muon-beam brightness7,8. Here we report the realization of ionization cooling, which was confirmed by the observation of an increased number of low-amplitude muons after passage of the muon beam through an absorber, as well as an increase in the corresponding phase-space density. The simulated performance of the ionization cooling system is consistent with the measured data, validating designs of the ionization cooling channel in which the cooling process is repeated to produce a substantial cooling effect9–11. The results presented here are an important step towards achieving the muon-beam quality required to search for phenomena at energy scales beyond the reach of the Large Hadron Collider at a facility of equivalent or reduced footprint6.
Highlights
ConclusionsThe results are well described by simulations (Fig. 4)
The use of accelerated beams of electrons, protons or ions has furthered the development of nearly every scientific discipline
High-brightness muon beams comparable to those produced by state-of-the-art electron, proton and ion accelerators could facilitate the study of lepton–antilepton collisions at extremely high energies and provide well characterized neutrino beams[1,2,3,4,5,6]
Summary
The results are well described by simulations (Fig. 4) This demonstration of ionization cooling is an important advance in the development of high-brightness muon beams. Neutrino beams from muon storage rings: characteristics and physics potential. V. Cooling methods for beams of charged particles. B. Rectilinear six-dimensional ionization cooling channel for a muon collider: a theoretical and numerical study. D. et al Final cooling for a high-energy high-luminosity lepton collider. T. et al The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report – Volume 1: Executive Summary (ILC, 2013). Abramowicz, H. et al A muon collider scheme based on frictional cooling.
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