Abstract
Before separating or classifying hazardous/unsafe liquids, a system must be identified which can best measure certain liquids. The preferred measurement system can be useful, quick response, rapid measurement and so on. However, these features are not sufficient to classify the liquids in different containers. Especially at security points, containers of liquids carried by people may be different. Therefore, it has been investigated whether classification can be made by using the response of different containers to electromagnetic radiation. When the ring resonator measurement method is used in the 1–1.4 GHz frequency range, a successful separation process is carried out, even if the containers were made of different materials. Nevertheless, a well-known k-means algorithm has been used to analyze the measurement results of selected liquids.
Highlights
The attenuation coefficient and propagation velocity parameters can be obtained with ultrasound system, while the transmission (S21), phase, complex permittivity (ε) parameters can be obtained very by microwave spectroscopy systems
The changes of the compiled parameters depending on the temperature have not been investigated
The detection and recognition of the liquid samples precursor components that can be used for production of improvised explosive devices are of extreme importance, in modern security applications such as concert halls, shopping mall and airports
Summary
Before separating or classifying hazardous/unsafe liquids, a system must be identified which can best measure certain liquids. When the ring resonator measurement method is used in the 1–1.4 GHz frequency range, a successful separation process is carried out, even if the containers were made of different materials. The measurement results of the microwave spectroscopy system have been analyzed by k-means algorithm, taking advantage of the difference in the reaction of the samples to electromagnetic radiation at microwave frequencies, unlike these studies. Ring resonator is utilized the characterization of materials determining the dielectric properties at microwave frequency range It is generally used in microwave devices such as couplers, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas. To measure the S21 parameter at microwave frequencies, a VNA is used in this spectroscopy It should be considered; the results of RRM must verify with a well-known reference which can be water sample. A container was made which can be surrounded the ring and it put over the set-up
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