Demonstration of an X-ray Fluorescence Sensor for the Cone Penetrometer

Abstract

A feasibility test at the Naval Research Laboratory has shown that a miniature X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) sensor can be constructed for the cone penetrometer. Such a sensor would have detection limits for heavy metal contaminants in soils of a few parts per million. The next step is to demonstrate the capabilities of such a sensor in the cone penetrometer. A sensor for this purpose is being constructed and will be tested both in the laboratory and in the field. The XRF sensor will be capable of evaluating the in-situ detection limits and field screening (semi-quantitative) capabilities of x-ray fluorescence and can be transitioned to field activities for further evaluation and feedback. The sensor will consist of a miniature x-ray tube and an x-ray detector, together with appropriate apertures and x-ray filters, in a custom fabricated section of penetrometer pipe. The sensor will use commercially available components. High voltage and signal cables will couple the sensor to electronics in the truck. Boron carbide will be used for the x-ray windows which protect the sensor components from soil abrasion.