Abstract
We have built and tested a transition edge sensor which monitors temperature change by measuring magnetic flux expulsion from a superconducting element. Flux change is sensed by a dc superconducting quantum interference device coupled to the element using a flux transformer in a gradiometer arrangement. The operating temperature of the sensor can be varied by application of moderate magnetic fields to the superconducting core, using an integrated solenoid. With a Sn core at 3.58 K, the thermometer has demonstrated a noise level of 2.25 nK/Hz1/2. We estimate that such a sensor will allow femtowatt sensitivity of an absolute cryogenic radiometer presently under development.
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