DEMONSTRATING THE CYBER VULNERABILITIES OF SIGNIFICANT MARITIME TECHNOLOGIES TO THE PORT FACILITIES AND ON BOARD OF VESSELS

Abstract

Ships are increasingly using systems that rely on digitization, digitalization, integration, and automation, which call for cyber risk management on board. As technology continues to develop, information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) onboard ships are being networked together – and more frequently connected to the internet. In 2017, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted resolution MSC.428(98) on Maritime Cyber Risk Management in Safety Management System (SMS). The Resolution stated that an approved Safety Management System SMS should take into account cyber risk management in accordance with the objectives and functional requirements of the International Safety Management ( ISM) CODE. The IMO encourages administrations to ensure that cyber risks are appropriately addressed in safety management systems no later than the first annual verification of the company’s Document of Compliance after 1 January 2021. This paper presents Guidelines on Cyber Security Onboard Ships that are aligned with IMO resolution MSC.428 to asses companies to identify risks arising from the use of IT and OT onboard ships and establish appropriate safeguards against cyber incidents, The aim of this study is to analyze cyber vulnerabilities of significant maritime technologies to the port facilities and on board of vessels , Evaluates the different frame works and guidelines on maritime cyber risk management to demonstrate the seriousness of maritime cyber threats for national security.