Abstract
The main aim of this article is to examine the question of direct democracy and political participation in modern societies in order to answer the question whether it is really an important part of the political reality of modern societies. The direct democracy dates back even to the ancient Athens of fifth and fourth centuries BC. But in this case the democracy had been limited to the citizens only (it means mature males of citizen families) and this group formed as little as at about 10% of the population of Athenian state. Nowadays, the question of the so-called “participatory budget” forms rather part of propaganda (mainly before the local election) and not part of the political reality. And so, the question of political participation ofcitizens canbedescribed rather interms ofpolitical myths thanpolitical reality.
Highlights
in this case the democracy had been limited to the citizens
Oczywiœcie mo¿na to „zwalaæ” na nasz1 trudn1 historiê, cechy homo Sovieticus i tym podobne – ale 25 lat po wyborach 4 czerwca 1989 ju¿ chyba nie wypada?
Summary
Demokracja bezpoœrednia datuje siê jeszcze z czasów Grecji klasycznej pi1tego i czwartego wieku p.n.e. By3a to jednak klasyczna demokracja dla nielicznych, gdy¿ tylko doroœli mê¿czyŸni z rodzin obywatelskich posiadali prawa obywatelskie. Jednoczeœnie jednak demokracja to nie tylko pewne mechanizmy czy procedury, ale równie¿ i okreœlone wartoœci – szczególnie o charakterze wolnoœciowym (liberalnym).
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