Abstract
The article is dedicated to the demographic trends and the demographic dividend in the Russian Federation and the Kyrgyz Republic for the years of 1950-2015. Based on the UN database, there has been a gradual decrease in the total birth rate during 65 years in the Russian Federation and the Kyrgyz Republic. However, in the Kyrgyz Republic, this number was almost twice its level in the Russian Federation. The overall demographic burden was significantly lower in the Russian Federation from 1960 to 2005, and its decrease in both countries was due to the decrease in the demographic burden of children. Since 1960, and during the following decades, the demographic burden of elderly people in the Russian Federation began to increase rapidly, but in the Kyrgyz Republic, the decrease in demography was due to changes in the age structure of the population. In the result of these trends, the share of the working-age population in both countries has steadily increased, creating favourable conditions for the demographic dividend. Russia and Kyrgyzstan, due to the high share of the working-age population over the past 55 years, have received a demographic dividend. Labour migration from Kyrgyzstan to Russia makes a significant contribution to the demographic dividend of both countries.
Highlights
The critical analysis is based on the comparative method through which one can see the dynamics of changes of the demographic burden in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation
The demographic burden of elderly people in the Russian Federation began to increase rapidly and reached 193 and 177 per 1000 population in 2005 and 2010, and in the Kyrgyz Republic (the KR) it began to fall to 89 and 68 per 1000 population. These trends were due to changes in the age structure of the population of the RF and the KR that occurred in the years of 1950-2010 (Figures 5 and 6)
The differences in the total birth rate affected the overall demographic burden, which was significantly lower in Russia from 1960 to 2005
Summary
A significant number of scientific studies are dedicated to the demographic transition that occurs in the result of changes in birth, mortality, fertility (total birth rate), migration, ethnic composition and marital behaviour of the population, etc. (Landry, 1934; Davis, 1945; Notestein, 1945; Demeny, 1968; Van de Kaa, 1987; Lee & Mason, 2010; Gribble & Bremner, 2012; Vishnevskiy, 1982; Vishnevskiy, 2014; Iontsev, 2007; Iontsev & Prokhorova, 2014; Ivanov, 2017; Akhmetshin et al, 2018). The above-stated processes are proper to most countries of the world, so studying demographic trends and the demographic dividend in the Russian Federation (the RF) and the Kyrgyz Republic (the KR) is an important aspect Based on this rationale, this research aims to explore the following objectives: In the further studies of Bloom D. and other researchers, including from Russia, the definition of "demographic dividend" began to be used in a comprehensive way (Bloom & Williamson, 1998; Bloom et al, 2003; Gribble, 2012; Gribble & Bremner, 2012; Mason & Tomoko, 2008; Luoma, 2016; Vasin, 2008; Abramova, 2014; Reyer, 2017). In South Korea, the accelerated demographic transition from high to low fertility led to the decrease of the demographic burden, thereby increasing of the share of the working-
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