DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN RUSSIA: MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

Abstract

Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, significant structural changes in the country’s economy, the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, which was accompanied by a deterioration in the socioeconomic status of the population, took place in Russia. This adversely affected the health of citizens. The health of the population has progressively worsened, life expectancy has declined, the population has been shrinking at an alarming rate. Since 2006, the dynamics of the main demographic indices in Russia is favorable. There is a tendency to reduce the natural decline in population. Life expectancy indices reflecting the state of health of the population and the death rate increased, reached 71.9 years in the general population in 2016 (among women - 77.1 years, among men - 66.5 years). The demographic situation in Russia is characterized by an aging population. In 2014, the contingent of the older generation (33.8 million - 23.0%) prevailed over the children population (24.7 million - 17.2%) and this ratio is maintained as of January 1, 2017: the population of children is 36 685 thousand people (18.3%), working age population accounts of 83 224 thousand people, the elderly - 36 685 thousand people (25%). The increase in life expectancy is associated with a gain in the incidence and disability of the population, among which leading positions of the disease are occupied by the circulatory disorders, malignant neoplasms, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and a number of infectious diseases. At the same time, the period of life, living with chronic diseases and restrictions in active activity, lengthens. The indices of the morbidity and disability rate of the population are a reflection of both the level of health and the quality of medical and preventive measures, as well as the state of social protection of a person with a health defect. A differentiated approach to the organization of preventive, curative and rehabilitation measures is important, both at the federal and regional and municipal levels of managing the health and social protection system. Health resources of saving technologies should be aimed at realizing an optimistic demographic scenario - an increase in life expectancy with a parallel increase in the number and proportion of years living in conditions of preserved health and activity.