Demographic indicators of fertility and medico-social influenses on them

Abstract

Aim. For the past hundred years, changes in the dynamics of fertility has been terrific in Russia, the transition has been from traditional to new, modern type of reproductive behavior. The purpose of the study. To study the demographic indicators of fertility and social factors affecting these figures in the Kursk and Belgorod regions for 25 years (1990-2015).
 Materials and methods. Based on annual statistical data of RosStat, we researched the dynamics of fertility in the Kursk and Belgorod regions between 1990 and 2015. According to the survey of 1291 women aged 20-34 years living in Kursk, we gave the major factors influencing on the fertility and childlessness.
 Results. In the Kursk and Belgorod regions from 1990 to 2000 there is a decrease in the birth rate 34.7% and 38%, respectively, with a minimum value in 2000 (р > 0,05). But in the period from 2000 to 2015 there is an increase of this index in Kursk region 50.6%, in Belgorod – by 43.8%, in Russia – 52.9% (р > 0.05), but the birth rate has not reached the 1990 data and remains below the national average. The increase in the birth rate due to increase in births of the second and subsequent children, mostly in rural areas. At the same time, the total fertility rate, which is calculated for the total population, in rural areas recorded significantly lower than in the city. This is due to a lower proportion of residents of reproductive age in the total population of the village compared with the city. Between 1990 and 2015 significantly increases the share of births over the age of 25 and decreases in the age range 18-24 years.
 Conclusion. It is proved that the birth rate is governed by the number of marriages, with the ratio of male and female population of reproductive age, maternal mortality.