Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of the oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) cases registered in a center of oral diagnosis in southern Brazil. Eight hundred and six individuals with OSCC from 1959 to 2012 were included in this study. The variables recorded were: sex, age, occupation according to workplace, alcohol and tobacco consumption, skin color, tumor location, histological type, clinical appearance, size, evolution time, presence of pain and lymph node metastasis. Descriptive analysis was performed and the associations between variables were assessed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact test, with a confidence level of 5%. OSSC was more common in males (76.6%) aged between 51 to 70 years (53.9%). The most frequent sites were lower lip vermilion (23.3%), tongue (20.2%) and gingiva/alveolar ridge (18.1%). There was a strong association between outdoor occupation and white skin color with lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). OSCC intraoral lesions were commonly more painful, larger than 2 cm and presented lymphatic metastasis. In conclusion, most of the results confirm the data from literature about sex, age, tumor location and occupation. Moreover, the positive correlations between LSCC and occupation, between LSCC and white skin color, and between bigger lesions and presence of pain/cervical metastasis also corroborate the literature data.
Highlights
Oral cancer represents around 5% of all human malignancies [1], as observed by the wide geographical variation in its incidence [2]
The prognosis for oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) is variable due to the multiple variables implicated in its development, such as extension and location of the primary tumor, degree of invasion of neighboring structures, presence of regional and distant metastasis, histological types, the chosen therapy and the general health status of the patient [3]
From January 1959 to December 2012, a total of 20.206 samples were processed in Center of Diagnosis of Oral Diseases (CDOD), with 806 (3.9%) cases being diagnosed as oral squamous cell carcinoma or its histological variants, with a high frequency in males (76.6% [73.5; 79.4]) and white individuals (92.2% [90.0; 94.0]) (Table 1)
Summary
Oral cancer represents around 5% of all human malignancies [1], as observed by the wide geographical variation in its incidence [2]. In other areas oral cancer shows great incidence, such as Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Taiwan; and in some European countries, and in Latin American countries such as Brazil, Uruguay, Puerto Rico and Cuba [3]. In Brazil, oral cancer represents the sixth neoplasm, since the OSCC is the most prevalent one (94% of all oral tumors), which occurs mainly in individuals over 45 years old. The prognosis for OSCC is variable due to the multiple variables implicated in its development, such as extension and location of the primary tumor, degree of invasion of neighboring structures, presence of regional and distant metastasis, histological types, the chosen therapy and the general health status of the patient [3]
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